Redstone was born in Boston in 1923.
He enrolled at Harvard and graduated in three years, later becoming a US Army cryptographer during World War II. After the war, he returned to Harvard for a law degree.
He saw success as a lawyer, serving as a special assistant to Attorney General Tom C. Clark and working as a partner at a law firm.
In 1954, Redstone took over National Amusements, a private theater chain that was started by his father. He grew the business, and by the 1980s he was using it as collateral to bid for a cable, broadcast, and entertainment business that had been spun off by CBS in the late '70s: Viacom, home of brands including MTV, Showtime, and Nickelodeon. A little over a decade later, in 1999, Redstone bought CBS itself, in a $37.3 billion deal.
Though National Amusements now controlled both Viacom and CBS, the businesses remained separate for decades afterward, and in the 2010s the possibility of a merger became the subject of a high-stakes legal battle, with a nonagenarian Redstone at the center of it.
Into his late 80s and 90s, Redstone vowed to retain control of CBS and Viacom, at one point telling Larry King on CBS: "I have no intention of retiring or dying. I could live and work forever."
He was the executive chairman of CBS and Viacom until 2016, and chairman emeritus after that. He notably remained involved deeply involved in the business in his old age — in 2018, he was said to have participated in business dealings primarily by communicating through an iPad equipped with audio clips of his saying "yes," "no," and "f--- you," according to CNBC.
At its peak, Redstone's empire was worth $40 billion. Today, it's worth $16 billion. The company's holdings include MTV, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, and Paramount Pictures.
Redstone died at the age of 97.
"ViacomCBS will remember Sumner for his unparalleled passion to win, his endless intellectual curiosity, and his complete dedication to the company," Viacom's president, Bob Bakish, wrote in a Wednesday statement.
Redstone was known as a ruthless litigator and negotiator. His New York Times obituary noted as much. "I believe in taking every penny off the table," Redstone wrote in his 2001 autobiography.
The Wall Street Journal reporter Keach Hagey's 2018 book, "The King of Content: Sumner Redstone's Battle for Viacom, CBS, and Everlasting Control of His Media Empire," chronicled Redstone's rise and apparent obsession with immortality and continued control of his empire. His later years were plagued by questions about his health and faculties.
Redstone was survived by his son, Brent Redstone, and daughter, Shari Redstone, who is now in control of the family dynasty. They are children from his first marriage, to Phyllis Raphael.
Here's a breakdown of who's who in the Redstone family:
Shari Redstone, Sumner's daughter, is now the steward of the Redstone media empire.
Variety reported that all of Redstone's stock would be left to his grandchildren, which was disclosed during their divorce settlement.
In 2007, after reports surfaced that he was reconsidering his succession plan and wanted to hang on to his power, Redstone publicly addressed his daughter's position and said in a letter to Forbes that his children had nothing to do with building his empire.
When Redstone offered to buy out Shari's 20% stake in National Amusements, she rejected the $1 billion offer. Their relationship appeared to recover, and her power-player status rose in the late 2010s.
In February 2016, a 92-year-old Redstone gave up his chairmanships of CBS and Viacom after a court-ordered examination by a geriatric psychiatrist.
Shari Redstone later won a major victory in August 2019, Business Insider's Ellen Cranley reported, when the boards of CBS and Viacom announced a $12 billion deal that would reunite the companies into a new entity, ViacomCBS, with her as chairwoman.
She now owns 20% of National Amusements and is one of the seven trustees overseeing Sumner's 80% voting stake.
She has three children with her ex-husband, Ira Korff, a rabbi. Their children are all involved in the family business.
"My father led an extraordinary life that not only shaped entertainment as we know it today, but created an incredible family legacy," Shari Redstone told Variety in a Wednesday statement. "Through it all, we shared a great love for one another and he was a wonderful father, grandfather and great-grandfather. I am so proud to be his daughter, and I will miss him always."
Redstone's son, Brent, was estranged from his father.
Brent Redstone, 69, sued his father for his share of the family fortune in 2006, saying Sumner preferred Shari. He was 56 at the time.
They settled the lawsuit. Redstone successfully bought out his son's shares of the family business for roughly $240 million.
The two were estranged, Business Insider previously reported.
Brent Redstone has two daughters, neither of whom is involved in the family business. One, Keryn Redstone, was later a party in a lawsuit brought by one of her grandfather's ex-lovers (discussed below).
At one point, Redstone's will included two live-in girlfriends.
Redstone's final years saw multiple lawsuits involving jilted lovers. He had two longtime live-in companions in the 2010s, the socialites Manuela Herzer and Sydney Holland. They were both at least 40 years younger than him.
Redstone was known to be living with the two women in his Beverly Park mansion after he divorced his second wife, Paula Fortunato, also about 40 years his junior. They were married from 2002 to 2009.
In 2015, after Herzer and Holland came to no longer be living with Redstone and no longer in his will, while Herzer was removed as Redstone's healthcare proxy, Herzer filed a lawsuit seeking to be reinstated as healthcare proxy. Redstone had provided them both with about $150 million in cash and assets over the previous five years, according to Variety.
In Herzer's lawsuit, she called him a "living ghost" and questioned his competency. The suit was supported by Redstone's granddaughter Keryn. Redstone and the rest of the family, in turn, sued Herzer alleging elder abuse. Herzer's lawsuit was supported by the respective heads of Viacom and CBS at the time, Philippe Dauman and Les Moonves.
Herzer was never reinstated, and the suits ultimately settled. Herzer paid Redstone $3.25 million in the settlement.
By December 2018, Redstone was formally ruled to be incapacitated by Los Angeles County Superior Court and given a guardian to protect his legal interests. The resolution of this legal case also marked the point when Shari Redstone reemerged as a key figure in her father's life.
The main beneficiaries of Redstone's trust are said to be his five grandchildren.
Shari Redstone has three children: Kimberlee, Brandon, and Tyler. All three are involved with National Amusements.
Kimberlee, 38, is a lawyer. Brandon, 36, is a real-estate developer. Tyler, 34, is a lawyer and rabbi.
Tyler is one of the seven trustees who now control Sumner's 80% stake in National Amusements, along with his mother, The Wall Street Journal reported in 2016. Brent's two daughters, Keryn and Lauren, are also beneficiaries of the trust. Neither has a role in the family business.
The trust has also been the subject of legal battles involving corporate executives. Dauman and the former Viacom director George Abrams were removed from the trust in 2016, after which they sued for reinstatement. Their suit challenged Sumner's mental capacity and asserted that he was being manipulated by his daughter, which she denied.
This article appeared on Business Insider.
